Are you looking for a great adventure? Do you love hiking, exploring nature, and discovering new landscapes? Then you should head to Great Sand Dunes National Park in Colorado, one of the most unique and breathtaking national parks in the country. This park is home to the tallest sand dunes in North America, with peaks reaching as high as 750 feet, offering an extraordinary sight for any nature lover. Let’s take a look at what makes this park so special, along with my picks for the best hikes at Great Sand Dunes!

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History of the Park

Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve is located in the state of Colorado, United States. It is home to the tallest sand dunes in North America, with some reaching heights of over 750 feet (230 meters).

Indigenous Peoples

The area surrounding the sand dunes has a long history of human habitation. The Ute and Apache tribes were among the indigenous peoples who lived in the region for centuries, utilizing the land for hunting, gathering, and spiritual practices.

Exploration and Settlement

European exploration of the area began in the late 1700s when Spanish explorers, led by Juan Bautista de Anza, passed through the region. In the 1800s, American settlers began to establish themselves in the San Luis Valley, adjacent to the dunes.

National Monument Establishment

Efforts to protect the unique natural features of the sand dunes began in the early 20th century. In 1932, President Herbert Hoover designated the area as a national monument known as “Great Sand Dunes National Monument.” The designation aimed to preserve the dunes and their surrounding ecosystem.

Expansion and Designation as a National Park

Over the years, there were various proposals to expand the protected area and elevate its status to a national park. In 2000, the Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve Act was signed into law, redesignating the monument as Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve. This legislation increased the park’s size and protected additional natural resources.

Geologic Formation

The sand dunes themselves were formed over thousands of years through the combination of wind, water, and sediment from nearby mountains. The unique geological processes and the prevailing winds in the San Luis Valley contribute to the continuous growth and shifting of the dunes.

Today, Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve attracts visitors from around the world who come to explore and appreciate the stunning sand dunes, hike the surrounding mountains, camp, and engage in various recreational activities. It remains an important site for the preservation of natural and cultural heritage in Colorado.

Best Time to Visit

The best time to visit Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve depends on your preferences and the activities you plan to engage in. Here is some information about different seasons to help you decide:

Spring (April to May)

Springtime brings moderate temperatures and less crowded conditions. The snowmelt from the surrounding mountains increases the flow of Medano Creek, which creates a unique beach-like experience at the base of the dunes. This period is ideal for hiking, sandboarding, and enjoying the blooming wildflowers.

Summer (June to August)

Summers in the park can be hot during the day, with temperatures often exceeding 90°F (32°C). However, the nights are relatively cool. Early mornings and evenings are the best times to explore the dunes comfortably. Medano Creek usually recedes during this time, but it can still provide some shallow wading opportunities.

Fall (September to October)

Fall is another great time to visit, with mild temperatures and fewer crowds. The aspen trees in the surrounding Sangre de Cristo Mountains turn golden, creating a beautiful backdrop to the dunes. Hiking, camping, and photography are popular activities during this season.

Winter (November to March)

Winter brings colder temperatures, snowfall, and freezing conditions. The park experiences fewer visitors during this time. It can be a tranquil and stunning sight to see the dunes covered in snow. Winter activities include sledding, snowshoeing, and cross-country skiing.

It’s important to note that weather conditions can be unpredictable, and temperatures can vary greatly between day and night. Checking the weather forecast and being prepared with appropriate clothing and equipment is essential regardless of the season.

Additionally, the park’s peak visitation months are June, July, and August, so if you prefer a quieter experience, visiting during the shoulder seasons of spring or fall might be preferable.

Where to Stay

There are several options for accommodations near Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve. While there are no lodging facilities within the park itself, here are some suggestions for places to stay nearby:

Alamosa

The city of Alamosa, located about 35 miles (56 kilometers) southwest of the park, offers a range of lodging options including hotels, motels, and bed and breakfasts. It is a convenient base for exploring the dunes and provides easy access to amenities and dining options.

Mosca

Mosca is a small community located just a few miles north of the park entrance. It offers a few lodging options, including guest ranches and cabins, providing a rustic and scenic stay close to the dunes.

Camping

Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve has a campground called Piñon Flats Campground, which offers both tent and RV camping. It is open year-round and provides access to hiking trails and the dunes. Reservations are recommended, especially during the peak season.

Vacation Rentals

There are vacation rental properties available in the surrounding areas, such as cabins or vacation homes. These can provide a more secluded and private stay, often with beautiful views of the sand dunes and mountains.

RV Parks

If you are traveling with an RV, there are RV parks available in the vicinity of the park that offer hookups and amenities.

It’s advisable to book accommodations in advance, particularly during the peak summer months and holidays, as availability can be limited. Additionally, check for any specific requirements or restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic, as they may impact lodging options and availability.

Things to Do at Great Sand Dunes

Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve offers a variety of activities that cater to different interests and preferences. Here are some popular activities you can enjoy at the park:

Hiking

The park offers numerous hiking trails that range from easy walks to more challenging treks. The High Dune Trail is a moderate hike that takes you to the top of a dune, providing spectacular views of the surrounding landscape. The longer and more strenuous Mosca Pass Trail offers a backcountry experience. Keep reading for my picks for the best hikes at Great Sand Dunes!

Sandboarding and Sand Sledding

Rent or bring your own sandboard or sled and experience the thrill of sliding down the sandy slopes. The dunes are perfect for sandboarding and sledding, and you can rent equipment from local shops outside the park.

Medano Creek

Depending on the time of year and snowmelt conditions, Medano Creek may be flowing. This shallow and meandering creek creates a unique beach-like experience. You can wade in the water, build sandcastles, or simply relax by the creek.

Photography

The striking landscapes of the sand dunes, coupled with the backdrop of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains, offer excellent opportunities for photography. Capture the play of light and shadow on the dunes, the patterns formed by wind, and the stunning vistas.

Wildlife Viewing

The park is home to diverse wildlife. Keep an eye out for mule deer, pronghorn antelope, small mammals, reptiles, and amphibians. Birdwatchers can spot various species, including raptors, waterfowl, and migratory birds.

Backcountry Camping

For a more immersive experience, you can obtain a permit to camp in the designated backcountry zones within the park. Enjoy the solitude and starry night skies while camping in the unique environment of the dunes.

Ranger Programs

The park offers ranger-led programs and interpretive talks during the summer season. These programs cover various topics, including the geology, ecology, and cultural history of the area. Check the park’s website or visitor center for the schedule.

Remember to check weather conditions and plan accordingly, as temperatures can vary greatly. It’s also essential to practice Leave No Trace principles to help preserve the fragile ecosystem of the sand dunes.

Best Hikes at Great Sand Dunes

High Dune Trail

Hiking the High Dune Trail at Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve is a popular and rewarding experience. The High Dune Trail is a 2.5-mile (4-kilometer) round trip hike that takes you to the top of one of the tallest dunes in the park. It offers stunning panoramic views of the sand dunes, the surrounding mountains, and the San Luis Valley. The trail is marked with posts along the way to guide hikers.

Trailhead

The trailhead for the High Dune Trail is located at the far end of the Dunes Parking Area, which is the main parking area in the park. It is easily accessible, and there are restroom facilities available nearby.

Trail Difficulty

The High Dune Trail is considered a moderate hike. The trail is primarily composed of soft sand, which can make it more challenging than hiking on solid ground. The sand can be loose and steep in some sections, requiring extra effort to climb. It’s important to pace yourself and take breaks as needed.

Hiking Tips

• Start early in the morning or in the evening to avoid the midday heat, as the sand can become very hot during the day.
• Wear comfortable and sturdy footwear that offers good traction and protects your feet from hot sand.
• Bring plenty of water to stay hydrated, as there are no water sources along the trail.
• Consider bringing trekking poles to help with stability and balance while hiking on the sand.
• Be mindful of the potential for strong winds on the dunes. Check weather conditions before starting your hike and be prepared for windy conditions.

5. Safety Precautions

• Hiking in sand can be physically demanding, so listen to your body and take breaks when needed.
• Protect yourself from the sun by wearing sunscreen, a hat, and sunglasses.
• Be aware of potential signs of dehydration and heat exhaustion. Drink water regularly and rest in shaded areas if necessary.
• It’s important to stay on the marked trail to protect the fragile dune ecosystem and avoid getting lost.

Enjoying the View

Once you reach the top of the dune, take the time to enjoy the breathtaking views. The panorama of the sand dunes stretching out before you, along with the majestic mountains in the distance, creates a truly remarkable sight, making this one of the best hikes at Great Sand Dunes. Remember to take photos and appreciate the unique natural beauty of the park.

Mosca Pass Trail – Best Hikes at Great Sand Dunes

Hiking the Mosca Pass Trail at Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve is a more challenging and scenic backcountry hike. The Mosca Pass Trail is an 8-mile (12.8-kilometer) round trip hike that takes you through diverse landscapes, offering beautiful views along the way. The trail starts near the visitor center and leads to Mosca Pass, which sits at an elevation of approximately 9,800 feet (2,987 meters). It is a less-traveled trail compared to the High Dune Trail, providing a more secluded hiking experience.

Trailhead

The trailhead for the Mosca Pass Trail is located near the visitor center, at the southern end of the Dunes Parking Area. There are restroom facilities available nearby, and you can obtain a wilderness permit at the visitor center before starting your hike.

Trail Difficulty

The Mosca Pass Trail is considered a more strenuous hike compared to the High Dune Trail. It involves elevation gain and varied terrain. The trail starts with a gradual incline, followed by steeper sections as you ascend towards Mosca Pass. Hikers should be prepared for rocky terrain and possible creek crossings, depending on water flow levels.

Hiking Tips

• Start early in the morning to allow sufficient time for the hike, especially if you plan to hike to Mosca Pass and back in one day.
• Wear sturdy hiking boots or shoes that provide good traction and ankle support.
• Carry plenty of water and snacks to stay hydrated and energized throughout the hike.
• Bring a map, compass, or GPS device to navigate the trail, as it is less marked compared to the park’s main trails.
• Pack appropriate clothing layers, as temperatures can vary significantly during the hike, especially at higher elevations.

Safety Precautions

• Hiking in the backcountry requires additional preparation and self-reliance. Make sure to inform someone about your hiking plans and estimated return time.
• Be aware of changing weather conditions and be prepared for sudden weather changes, including thunderstorms and high winds.
• Be cautious of wildlife encounters and respect their space. Carry bear spray if recommended by the park and follow proper wildlife safety guidelines.
• Always practice Leave No Trace principles, including packing out your trash and minimizing your impact on the environment.

Enjoying the Scenery

The Mosca Pass Trail offers stunning views of the surrounding mountains, valleys, and the San Luis Valley, making it one of the best hikes at Great Sand Dunes. Take the time to appreciate the diverse landscapes and the solitude of the backcountry. Bring a camera to capture the natural beauty along the trail.

It’s important to note that the Mosca Pass Trail is a more remote and challenging hike, requiring proper planning, navigation skills, and physical fitness. Before embarking on this hike, consult with park rangers for the latest trail conditions, obtain necessary permits, and ensure you are adequately prepared for the backcountry experience.

Montville Nature Trail – Best Hikes at Great Sand Dunes

Hiking the Montville Nature Trail at Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve offers a shorter and more accessible hiking option. The Montville Nature Trail is a loop trail that provides an easy and family-friendly hiking experience. It is approximately 0.4 miles (0.6 kilometers) in length and offers interpretive signs along the way to provide information about the dunes’ ecology and geology.

Trailhead

The trailhead for the Montville Nature Trail is located near the Dunes Parking Area, at the same location as the High Dune Trail. It is easily accessible and well-marked.

Trail Difficulty

The Montville Nature Trail is a relatively flat and well-maintained trail, making it suitable for all ages and fitness levels. It is designed to be wheelchair accessible, providing a smooth and even surface.

Interpretive Information

Along the trail, you will find informative signs that offer insights into the unique ecosystem of the sand dunes. Learn about the plants, animals, geological features, and ecological processes that shape this distinctive environment. The trail provides a great opportunity to gain a deeper understanding of the park’s natural and cultural history, making is one of the best hikes at Great Sand Dunes.

Scenic Views

While the Montville Nature Trail is not primarily focused on expansive vistas, you can still enjoy beautiful views of the surrounding sand dunes, mountains, and the San Luis Valley. Take the time to appreciate the scenic beauty and unique landscape as you walk along the trail.

Accessibility

The Montville Nature Trail is designed to be accessible for individuals with mobility challenges. It is paved and wide enough to accommodate wheelchairs, strollers, and those with limited mobility. Benches and resting areas are available along the trail.

Additional Points of Interest

The Montville Nature Trail is located near the visitor center and other amenities, including restrooms, picnic areas, and parking. After completing the hike, you can explore the visitor center, which provides further information about the park’s resources and offers educational exhibits.

The Montville Nature Trail provides a shorter and informative hiking experience, allowing visitors of all abilities to explore and appreciate the unique environment of the sand dunes. It is a great option for families, those with limited time, or those seeking an easier hike.

Remember to respect the trail and the surrounding ecosystem by staying on the designated path, refraining from littering, and following Leave No Trace principles. Enjoy your time on the trail and take advantage of the interpretive signs to enhance your understanding of the park’s natural wonders.

What to Wear

My clothing recommendations for hiking at Great Sand Dunes varies depending on when in the season you’re going. If you opt for shorts, I like the Prana double peak shorts, but you might want to start with  a pair of warm leggings under them if it’s cold. For hiking pants, my go to are the double peak joggers. 

On top, for summer hiking I start with a tri-blend t shirt or tank, and then layer on an SPF pullover if it’s warmer outside, or a smartwool pullover if it’s cold or windy. And I usually carried my rain jacket. Finally, my go to hiking shoes are merrell siren sports. They’re comfortable, waterproof, and have Vibram soles which are super grippy, which you’ll appreciate for hiking on all the limestone and granite out there!

Great Sand Dunes National Park is a rare gem in the world of nature. It is a place where you can enjoy the beauty and peacefulness of nature while experiencing adventure and thrill. Whether you’re an experienced hiker or a casual nature lover, this park has something that will surely enchant you. Do not miss the chance to explore the magnificence of Great Sand Dunes National Park, and we assure you that you will come back with unforgettable memories.

That’s my list! I hope this helped you plan and get excited for the best hikes at Great Sand Dunes! What are your favorite hikes in this beautiful area?

As always, please practice Leave No Trace principles when enjoying the outdoors! Check local trail and weather conditions before any hike.

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