Glacier National Park is a hiker and backpacker’s dream. The landscape is a unique mix of glacial valleys, alpine lakes, and rugged mountains that give visitors an incredible taste of truly being in nature. I spent about 7 months working and hiking in Glacier, and fine tuning my list best hikes! One of the things that struck me most about the park is just how wild it is. Grizzly bears, black bears, moose, wolves, lynx, and mountain lions are just a few of the large mammals that make their home in the park. While you should always keep a safe distance from the wildlife, it’s an amazing experience to see these animals in their wild habitat. Let’s take a closer look at what makes this park so special, along with my picks for the best hikes at Glacier!
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The park’s remote location in the northwest corner of Montana makes it somewhat difficult to travel to, resulting in relatively fewer visitors than other national parks of its size. If you’re visiting Glacier, it usually means you’ve done some planning and research.
History of the Park
Glacier National Park has a rich and fascinating cultural and history.
Early History
The park’s history dates back thousands of years, with evidence of human habitation by Indigenous peoples. The Blackfeet Nation, Salish, Kootenai, and Pend d’Oreille tribes have ancestral ties to the region and consider it part of their traditional territories.
European exploration of the area began in the 18th century when fur traders and explorers like David Thompson and the Lewis and Clark expedition ventured into the region. They encountered the rugged landscapes, pristine lakes, and massive glaciers that would later shape the park.
Establishment of the Park
Glacier National Park was established on May 11, 1910. Its creation was driven by individuals such as George Bird Grinnell, a conservationist and explorer who recognized the area’s unique natural beauty and advocated for its preservation.
The Great Northern Railway, led by James J. Hill, played a significant role in the development and promotion of the park. Hill saw the tourism potential of the area and constructed rail lines, lodges, and chalets to facilitate visitor access. The railway’s presence was instrumental in attracting tourists and raising awareness about the park’s natural wonders.
Going-to-the-Sun Road
Construction of the iconic Going-to-the-Sun Road began in 1921 and was completed in 1932. This engineering marvel spans 50 miles (80 kilometers) and crosses the Continental Divide, offering breathtaking views of the surrounding mountains, valleys, and glaciers. It has since become one of the park’s most popular attractions.
Glacier Decline
The park’s glaciers have been receding since the mid-19th century due to climate change. Many of the glaciers that were once present in the park have significantly diminished in size or disappeared entirely. This decline serves as a stark reminder of the environmental challenges posed by global warming.
World Heritage Site
In 1995, Glacier National Park was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage site. It was recognized for its outstanding natural values, including the park’s unique ecosystem, diverse wildlife, pristine lakes, and remarkable geological features.
Today, Glacier National Park remains a cherished destination for outdoor enthusiasts and nature lovers. It offers numerous recreational activities such as hiking, camping, wildlife viewing, and scenic drives. The park’s historical significance, combined with its awe-inspiring landscapes, continues to attract visitors from around the world, who come to experience the beauty and serenity of this remarkable natural treasure.
Best Time to Visit
The best time to visit Glacier National Park largely depends on your preferences and the activities you wish to engage in. Here’s an overview of the different seasons and their characteristics:
Summer (June to August)
Summer is the peak tourist season in Glacier National Park. The weather is generally pleasant, with daytime temperatures ranging from 70°F to 80°F (21°C to 27°C) in the valleys. This is an ideal time for hiking, camping, boating, and enjoying scenic drives. However, popular areas can be crowded, and accommodations may be fully booked, so early planning and reservations are recommended.
Fall (September to October)
Fall brings stunning foliage colors as the park’s forests transform into vibrant shades of red, orange, and gold. The crowds start to thin out, and the weather gradually cools down. Daytime temperatures range from 50°F to 70°F (10°C to 21°C) in September, dropping further in October. Fall is a great time for hiking, wildlife viewing, and enjoying the tranquility of the park.
Winter (November to March)
Winter in Glacier National Park is a serene and peaceful season. Most roads are closed, and visitor services are limited. However, if you enjoy winter sports like skiing, snowshoeing, or snowmobiling, the park offers opportunities for such activities. The temperatures can be quite cold, ranging from 20°F to 40°F (-7°C to 4°C) during the day, and much colder at night.
Spring (April to May)
Spring brings a gradual transition from winter to summer in Glacier National Park. Although the park is less crowded compared to summer, it is a shoulder season, and some services may still be limited. The weather can be unpredictable, with daytime temperatures ranging from 40°F to 60°F (4°C to 15°C) in April and increasing to 50°F to 70°F (10°C to 21°C) in May. Spring is a great time for wildlife viewing, wildflower spotting, and quieter hikes.
It’s important to note that weather conditions in the mountains can be changeable throughout the year, so it’s advisable to check the forecast and be prepared for potential weather fluctuations. Additionally, some roads and trails may have seasonal closures or restrictions, so it’s recommended to check the park’s website or contact the visitor center for up-to-date information before planning your visit.
Where to Stay
There are several accommodation options available both within Glacier National Park and in the surrounding areas. Here are some places to consider staying at or near the park:
Lodges and Chalets within Glacier National Park
Many Glacier Hotel
Located on the east side of the park, this historic hotel offers stunning views of Swiftcurrent Lake and the surrounding mountains.
Lake McDonald Lodge
Situated on the west side of the park, this lodge overlooks Lake McDonald and features a rustic charm.
Many Glacier Campground
If you prefer camping, this campground in the Many Glacier area offers tent and RV sites.
National Park Service Campgrounds
There are several campgrounds located within the park, including Apgar Campground, Fish Creek Campground, and St. Mary Campground. These campgrounds offer basic facilities and are available on a first-come, first-served basis or through advance reservations.
Gateway Communities
West Glacier: This small town is located at the west entrance of the park and offers a range of lodging options, including hotels, cabins, and vacation rentals.
East Glacier Park Village
Situated near the east entrance of the park, this village provides lodging options such as hotels and lodges.
Whitefish
Located about 25 miles (40 kilometers) northwest of the park, Whitefish offers a variety of accommodations, including hotels, resorts, and vacation rentals.
Private Lodges and Cabins
There are numerous private lodges and cabins available for rent near the park. These can be found through various booking platforms or by contacting local vacation rental agencies.
It’s important to note that accommodations within the park, such as the lodges and campgrounds, tend to fill up quickly, especially during the peak summer season. It is advisable to make reservations well in advance. Additionally, some lodging options may have seasonal availability, so it’s recommended to check availability and book early.
Remember to check the park’s website or contact the visitor center for the most up-to-date information on lodging options and availability.
Activities at Glacier
Glacier National Park offers a wide range of activities to enjoy its stunning natural beauty and explore the diverse ecosystem.
Hiking
The park boasts over 700 miles (1,126 kilometers) of trails, ranging from easy strolls to challenging multi-day hikes. Some popular hiking trails include the Highline Trail, Grinnell Glacier Trail, Avalanche Lake Trail, and Hidden Lake Trail.
Scenic Drives
Take a drive along the iconic Going-to-the-Sun Road, which offers breathtaking views of mountains, waterfalls, and glacial valleys. Many pullouts and viewpoints allow you to stop and capture the scenery. Other scenic drives include the Many Glacier Road and the Two Medicine Road.
Wildlife Viewing
Glacier National Park is home to a diverse array of wildlife. Keep an eye out for animals such as bears (both black bears and grizzly bears), mountain goats, bighorn sheep, elk, moose, and numerous bird species. Wildlife is often seen along roadsides, hiking trails, and in meadows.
Boat Tours
Enjoy a scenic boat tour on one of the park’s lakes, such as Lake McDonald, St. Mary Lake, or Two Medicine Lake. These tours provide an opportunity to relax, take in the scenery, and learn about the park’s natural and cultural history.
Photography
With its stunning landscapes, wildlife, and wildflowers, Glacier National Park offers endless opportunities for photography. Capture the majestic mountains, pristine lakes, glaciers, and unique flora and fauna.
Camping
The park has several campgrounds where you can pitch a tent or park an RV. Enjoy a night under the stars and immerse yourself in the park’s natural surroundings. Popular campgrounds include Apgar Campground, Many Glacier Campground, and Fish Creek Campground.
Ranger-Led Programs
Join ranger-led programs, including guided hikes, campfire talks, and educational presentations. These programs offer insights into the park’s natural and cultural history, wildlife, geology, and more.
Fishing
If you have a fishing license, you can try your luck at fishing in the park’s lakes and streams. Some popular fishing spots include Lake McDonald, Bowman Lake, and the Flathead River.
Winter Activities
During the winter season, Glacier National Park transforms into a winter wonderland. Engage in activities such as cross-country skiing, snowshoeing, snowmobiling (in designated areas), and winter wildlife viewing.
Remember to check for any permits, trail conditions, or safety advisories before engaging in certain activities. Additionally, respect park regulations and practice Leave No Trace principles to help preserve the park’s natural environment.
Best Hikes at Glacier National Park
Grinnell Glacier Trail
The Grinnell Glacier trail starts in the Many Glacier region of the park (which is a beautiful area in itself!). It’s a little over 5 miles back to the lookout point where you’ll have incredible views of Grinnell Glacier, Upper Grinnell Lake, and the towering mountain above the glacier known as the Garden Wall (then a little over 5 miles back, making it a 10/11 mile hike).
There are a few variations to the trail you can take – there’s a junction that goes down to Lower Grinnell Lake if you don’t want to climb the 1,500 feet up to the lookout. Both options offer absolutely stunning views, or you can do both if you’re up for it!
Gunsight Lake Trail
The Gunsight Lake Trail starts just off the Going-to-the-Sun Road at the Jackson Glacier Overlook. It’s about 6.3 miles back to Gunsight Lake, making it about 12.6 miles total with around 1,500 feet of elevation gain, so it’s a fairly strenuous day hike.
One of the coolest things about this hike (besides the beautiful scenery) is that it goes right through prime moose and bear habitat. You’re pretty likely to see quite a bit of wildlife throughout the trail, so be respectful and admire them from a distance!
This hike can be a little buggy, so remember your bug spray or wear light long sleeves and pants for extra bug protection.
Highline Trail
The Highline Trail is probably the most well-known trail in Glacier, and for good reason! It starts at Logan pass, which is the highest point you can drive to on the Going-to-the-Sun Road. Because the trail starts at such a high elevation (6,647 feet), you have stunning panorama views from the very beginning.
The trail ultimately goes all the way to the north boundary of the park, which is about a 10.5 mile hike to Goat Haunt and Waterton Lake on the Canadian Border. However, most day hikers will take one of two options to return to Logan Pass:
Option 1: The Granite Park Chalet (you can get snacks and drinks here) is about 7.5 miles on the Highline Trail, so you can either turn around here and head back the same way you came, or;
Option 2: Hikers can also take the Loop Trail from the Granite Chalet, which is a little over 4 miles, and descend to a switchback of the Going-to-the-Sun Road. From there you can take the free shuttle back to Logan Pass (the shuttles come by about every half hour).
Iceberg Lake
Back in the Many Glacier region of the park, you’ll find the Iceberg Lake Trailhead just behind the Swiftcurrent Motor Inn. The trail takes you up about 1,200ft in elevation, back to the incredible Iceberg Lake surrounded by the imposing Ptarmigan Wall. It’s about 4.5 miles back to the lake, making a 9 mile round trip hike.
Depending on when you go, the lake will be in various states of iciness (is that a word?). The first time I hiked it was in the Spring, like late April, and it was still frozen solid. That’s me in the photo below standing in the middle of it!
Pitamakan Pass and Dawson Pass
This is the longest and most strenuous hike on my list, but it’s absolutely worth it! It’s a loop trail in the Two Medicine region of the park, and is sprinkled with glacial lakes, rugged mountains, a killer ridge-walk, and likely lots of wildlife sightings. The entire loop is about 18 miles, connecting two beautiful mountain passes.
The trail starts at the Two Medicine Campground and begins ascending the 2,400 ft climb up to Dawson or Pitamakan Pass. Hikers can decide which direction they want to hike – I always went clockwise, for no other reason than it just “felt right”.
My favorite part of this hike is by far the 3 mile ridge-walk, which is the section of trail between Pitamakan and Dawson Passes. For a mountain ridge, the exposure is pretty minimal and the views are breathtaking!
What to Wear
My clothing recommendations kind of vary for Glacier depending on when in the season you’re going (assuming here no one is hiking in the looong Glacier winters). I will say that I usually have a pretty full daypack in Glacier because the hikes are long, weather is unpredictable, and being prepared is a must. If you opt for shorts, I like the Prana Elle shorts, but keep a pair of warm leggings in your pack. For hiking pants, my go to are the double peak joggers.
On top, for summerish hiking I start with a tri-blend t shirt, and then layer on an SPF pullover if it’s warmer outside, or a smartwool pullover if it’s cold or windy. And I always carried my rain jacket. Finally, my go to hiking shoes are merrell siren sports. They’re comfortable, waterproof, and have Vibram soles which are super grippy.
That’s my list! I hope this helped you plan and get excited to hike in Glacier! As always, for current trail and road conditions, check the official Glacier National Park site. Drop a comment if you have more recommendations, there are so many great hikes there!
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