White Sands National Park is a stunning destination located in Southern New Mexico. With its picturesque gypsum dunes, it’s no wonder why this park draws so many hikers and travelers from all over the world. Let’s take a look at what makes this park so special, along with my picks for the best hikes at White Sands!
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White Sands National Park spans over 275 square miles of desert landscape, making it the largest gypsum dunefield in the world. The white sand dunes are constantly shifting due to strong winds and varying temperatures, meaning that each visit to White Sands will be unique and different than your last. As you make your way through the park, you’ll see stunning sandstone formations towering above you as well as plants and animals native to the area.
History of White Sands National Park
White Sands National Park, located in the state of New Mexico, has a unique and fascinating history that spans thousands of years.
Prehistoric Times
The region around White Sands has been inhabited by humans for at least 10,000 years. The earliest known inhabitants were Paleo-Indian hunter-gatherers who roamed the area in search of food and resources.
Native American Presence
Various Native American tribes have called the area home throughout history. The Mescalero Apache, Comanche, and Navajo peoples are among those who have lived in or traversed the region.
Spanish Exploration and Colonization
In the 16th century, Spanish explorers began venturing into the area. They established trade routes and missions, bringing new influences and culture to the region.
Gypsum Discovery
In the late 19th century, the discovery of large gypsum deposits in the region brought attention to the area. Gypsum, a mineral used in various industrial applications, was initially mined for its economic value.
White Sands Missile Range
During World War II, the United States government established the White Sands Proving Ground in the region. It served as a testing site for military equipment, including the development of the V-2 rocket under the supervision of German scientist Wernher von Braun.
White Sands National Monument
In 1933, President Herbert Hoover designated the White Sands area as a national monument. This recognition preserved the unique dune field and the surrounding Chihuahuan Desert ecosystem.
National Park Designation
On December 20, 2019, the U.S. Congress passed legislation to redesignate White Sands National Monument as White Sands National Park. This change elevated its status from a national monument to a national park, highlighting its exceptional natural and cultural significance.
Today, White Sands National Park continues to attract visitors from around the world who come to explore the stunning white gypsum dunes, engage in recreational activities, and learn about the park’s rich history and diverse ecosystem.
Best Time to Visit
The best time to visit White Sands National Park largely depends on personal preferences and the kind of experience you are seeking. Here is an overview of the different seasons at White Sands:
Spring (March to May)
Spring is a popular time to visit as the temperatures are generally mild, ranging from comfortable to warm during the day. The park offers pleasant hiking conditions, and the weather is often favorable for outdoor activities. However, it can get windy at times, so be prepared for sand blowing across the dunes.
Summer (June to August)
Summer brings hot temperatures to the area, with daytime highs often exceeding 100°F (38°C). If you plan to visit during this time, it’s advisable to visit early in the morning or late in the evening to avoid the peak heat. Keep in mind that the sand can become scorching under the sun, so wearing appropriate footwear is crucial.
Fall (September to November)
Fall can be an excellent time to visit White Sands. The temperatures become more moderate, and the crowds tend to thin out compared to the summer months. The pleasant weather allows for enjoyable hikes and outdoor activities. It’s worth noting that fall is also the season for occasional rainstorms in the area.
Winter (December to February)
Winter brings cooler temperatures to White Sands, with average highs ranging from the 50s°F (10-15°C) during the day to cooler temperatures at night. The park can experience occasional snowfall, which can create a picturesque landscape. Winter visitors should come prepared with warm clothing layers to stay comfortable during their visit.
It’s always a good idea to check the weather conditions and plan accordingly before visiting White Sands National Park. Additionally, keep in mind that the park may have special events or programs during certain seasons, so you may want to consider those factors when choosing the best time for your visit.
Where to Stay
There are several options for accommodations near White Sands National Park. While there are no lodging facilities within the park itself, the surrounding area offers a range of choices, including hotels, motels, and campgrounds. Here are some options for places to stay:
Alamogordo, New Mexico
Alamogordo is the nearest city to White Sands National Park, located about 15 miles to the southwest. It offers a variety of lodging options, including hotels and motels that cater to different budgets and preferences.
Tularosa, New Mexico
Tularosa is a town located north of the national park, approximately 15 miles away. It provides a quieter and more relaxed atmosphere for those looking for a peaceful stay.
Cloudcroft, New Mexico
Situated in the Sacramento Mountains, about 30 miles east of White Sands, Cloudcroft offers a mountain retreat experience with cooler temperatures and scenic views. It has a range of accommodations, including hotels, bed and breakfasts, and vacation rentals.
RV/Campgrounds
If you prefer camping, there are options available nearby. The Oliver Lee Memorial State Park, located south of Alamogordo, has a campground with facilities. Additionally, there are private campgrounds and RV parks in the area.
When planning your visit, book accommodations in advance, especially during the peak travel season. Check with the individual hotels or online travel websites for availability, amenities, and pricing that suits your needs.
Activities at White Sands National Park
White Sands National Park offers a range of activities and experiences that allow visitors to immerse themselves in the unique environment and beauty of the gypsum dunes. Here are some popular activities you can enjoy at White Sands:
Scenic Drives
Take a drive along the eight-mile Dunes Drive, which leads through the heart of the park. Enjoy the stunning vistas of the white gypsum dunes stretching as far as the eye can see. There are designated pullouts along the way where you can stop, take photos, and explore the dunes on foot.
Hiking
White Sands has several hiking trails that allow you to explore the dunes and the surrounding desert landscape. The Alkali Flat Trail is a five-mile roundtrip hike that leads to the vast and remote Alkali Flat area. The Interdune Boardwalk Trail is an accessible half-mile trail that provides an up-close look at the unique plant and animal life of the dunes.
Sledding and Sandboarding
Rent or bring your own sandboard or sled to experience the thrill of sliding down the gypsum dunes. The park allows sand sledding on the designated slopes, providing a fun and exhilarating activity for visitors of all ages.
Ranger Programs
Join ranger-led programs and guided walks to learn about the park’s geology, plants, animals, and cultural history. These programs provide valuable insights and enhance your understanding of the park’s natural and cultural resources.
Stargazing
White Sands National Park is a designated International Dark Sky Park, making it an excellent location for stargazing. On clear nights, you can witness breathtaking views of the night sky, free from light pollution. The park occasionally hosts stargazing events and programs.
Photography
White Sands offers incredible opportunities for photography enthusiasts. Capture the stunning contrast of the white sand against the blue sky, the shifting patterns of the dunes, and the unique play of light and shadow throughout the day.
Picnicking
Enjoy a picnic amidst the serene surroundings of the park. There are picnic areas available where you can relax, have a meal, and take in the beauty of the dunes.
Remember to bring water, sunscreen, appropriate footwear, and any necessary equipment for the activities you plan to engage in. Respect the fragile ecosystem and follow park regulations to help preserve this extraordinary natural wonder.
Best Hikes at White Sands
Alkali Flat Trail
Hiking the Alkali Flat Trail allows you to immerse yourself in the otherworldly beauty of the gypsum dunes and experience the solitude and remoteness of the park’s interior. The Alkali Flat Trail is a five-mile roundtrip trail that takes you through the heart of the gypsum dunes and into the remote Alkali Flat area. It is a moderately strenuous hike due to the soft sand and changing conditions.
Trailhead
The trailhead is located at the far end of the Dunes Drive, approximately 2.2 miles from the park entrance. Look for the signs indicating the start of the trail.
Terrain and Difficulty
The trail starts in the dune field, where you’ll hike on soft gypsum sand. This can make the hike more challenging than on packed trails. Walking in sand requires more effort, so be prepared for a slower pace. Additionally, the trail may not be marked by a distinct path, so be sure to follow the trail markers to stay on track.
Navigation
The trail is marked with white poles at regular intervals to guide hikers. These poles help you navigate through the dunes and ensure you stay on the designated route. It’s important to follow the poles to avoid getting lost in the vast dune field.
Timing
Plan your hike with enough time to complete the trail and return before sunset. It’s advisable to start early in the day to avoid the peak heat and to have ample time to enjoy the scenery.
Safety Considerations
Hiking in the dunes can be physically demanding, so ensure you are adequately prepared. Wear sturdy footwear with ankle support to navigate the sandy terrain. Carry plenty of water, sunscreen, a hat, and snacks to stay hydrated and energized. It’s also a good idea to bring a map or a GPS device to help with navigation.
Wildlife and Nature
The Alkali Flat Trail provides an opportunity to observe the unique plants and animals that have adapted to the harsh desert environment. Keep an eye out for animal tracks, plants like yuccas and grasses, and the occasional wildlife sightings. The unique plants and animals along this trail make it one of the best hikes at White Sands.
Interdune Boardwalk Trail – Best Hikes at White Sands
Hiking the Interdune Boardwalk Trail at White Sands National Park offers a unique opportunity to explore the dunes on an accessible and informative trail. The Interdune Boardwalk Trail is a half-mile loop trail that provides a close-up look at the dune environment while minimizing impact on the fragile ecosystem. It is a relatively easy and accessible trail suitable for visitors of all ages and abilities.
Trailhead
The trailhead for the Interdune Boardwalk Trail is located near the picnic area, close to the beginning of the Dunes Drive. Look for signs indicating the start of the trail and the boardwalk.
Boardwalk and Interpretive Signs
The trail consists of a raised boardwalk that allows you to walk above the surface of the sand, protecting the dune vegetation and minimizing disturbance. Along the trail, you will find interpretive signs that provide information about the unique plants, animals, and geology of the dune system.
Educational Experience
The Interdune Boardwalk Trail is designed to provide an educational experience, offering insights into the dune ecosystem and the adaptations of the plants and animals that inhabit the area. The incredible information you’ll learn along the way makes this one of the best hikes at White Sands. Take your time to read the signs and learn about the fascinating natural history of White Sands.
Photography Opportunities
The boardwalk trail offers fantastic photo opportunities, allowing you to capture the intricate patterns of the sand, the textures of the dune vegetation, and the panoramic views of the surrounding dunes. Bring your camera and take advantage of the unique photo opportunities.
Accessibility
The Interdune Boardwalk Trail is wheelchair accessible, making it suitable for visitors with mobility challenges. The raised boardwalk provides a smooth and even surface for easy walking or rolling.
White Sands Backcountry Trail – Best Hikes at White Sands
The Backcountry Camping Trail is a moderate 2-mile (3.5 km) round-trip hike that offers expansive views of the gypsum dunes. It provides a sense of the vastness of the world’s largest gypsum dunefield while still being accessible from your vehicle, making it one of the best hikes at White Sands.
Trail Access
The trail is open to both backpackers and visitors who prefer a shorter hike through the dunes. It is exclusively for foot travel, and no bicycles, horses, or motorized vehicles are allowed.
Trail Markers
The trail is marked with orange trail markers that feature a spade symbol. These markers guide hikers through the varied dunes and vegetation. It’s important to pay attention to the markers, as the trail involves climbing over steep dunes and loose sand. If you cannot see the next trail marker due to blowing sand or if a marker is knocked down, it is recommended to turn back to avoid getting lost.
Visibility and Safety
White Sands can experience strong winds, especially in the spring, which can reduce visibility to just a few feet. It’s crucial to be aware of the weather conditions and exercise caution when hiking. If visibility becomes poor or you’re unsure of the trail, it is advisable to return to your vehicle.
Sunset and Timing
It’s important to plan your hike in such a way that you are off the trail by sunset. Allow enough time to complete the hike and return to your car safely before darkness falls.
What to Wear
My clothing recommendations for White Sands varies depending on weather. For hiking pants, my go to are the double peak joggers. If it’s colder, start with a pair of warm leggings.
On top for hiking or climbing, I start with a tri-blend t shirt, and then layer on an SPF pullover if it’s warmer outside, or a smartwool pullover if it’s cool or windy. And if it’s really chilly, my go to is the classic Patagonia nano puff. Finally, my go to hiking shoes are merrell siren sports. They’re comfortable, waterproof, and have Vibram soles which are super grippy. However, I’ve found that if you’re doing a lot of hiking in sand, wearing just your socks is the way to go (you can thank me later)!
Visiting White Sands National Park is an unforgettable experience that should not be missed by hikers and travelers alike! From mesmerizing views of sand dunes to thrilling off-roading adventures through nature’s beauty, there’s something here for everyone regardless of their skill level or interests. So grab your camera, don your hiking boots (or rent an off-road vehicle!), and get ready for an adventure unlike any other at White Sands National Park!
As always, please practice Leave No Trace principles when enjoying the outdoors! Check local trail and weather conditions before any hike.
That’s my list! I hope this helped you plan and get excited for the best hikes at White Sands! What are your favorite hikes in this beautiful area?
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