Nestled in South Dakota, Black Hills National Forest boasts of 1.2 million-acre spread of forested and lofty mountains, pristine lakes, and craggy canyons. Known for its stunning vistas and outdoor explorations, this national forest is a must-see for any fitness enthusiast or avid hiker who wants to experience the great outdoors. Whether you’re a seasoned backcountry backpacker, an adventurous mountain climber, or just an outdoor enthusiast who wants to bask in the great outdoors, the Black Hills National Forest has something to offer. Let’s take a look at what makes this beautiful forest so special, along with my picks for best hikes in the Black Hills!
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History of the National Forest
Early History
The Black Hills have been historically significant to various Native American tribes, particularly the Lakota Sioux. They considered the region sacred and used it for spiritual ceremonies and hunting grounds.
European explorers, including French and Spanish trappers, visited the Black Hills in the early 19th century. The U.S. government recognized the area as part of Native American territory through treaties. However, the discovery of gold in 1874 sparked a gold rush, leading to an influx of settlers and the subsequent conflicts with Native Americans.
In response to increasing settlement and exploitation, President Grover Cleveland established the Black Hills Forest Reserve in 1897, with the aim of conserving the region’s resources. The reserve was managed by the U.S. Forest Service, which was created in 1905.
Conservation and Preservation Efforts
The Black Hills Forest Reserve underwent several changes and expansions over the years. In 1908, it was designated as the Black Hills National Forest, encompassing approximately 1.25 million acres.
The Forest Service adopted a multiple-use management approach, which seeks to balance conservation with various human activities such as logging, grazing, and recreational opportunities. This approach continues to guide the management of the Black Hills National Forest.
Current Management
The Black Hills National Forest attracts millions of visitors annually, offering diverse recreational activities such as hiking, camping, fishing, and wildlife viewing. It is also home to iconic landmarks like Mount Rushmore National Memorial and Custer State Park.
Throughout its history, the Black Hills National Forest has been shaped by the interactions between Native American tribes, settlers, and the U.S. government, with its management focused on preserving natural resources while accommodating multiple uses and public enjoyment.
Best Time to Visit
The Black Hills region offers a range of attractions and activities throughout the year, so the best time to visit depends on your interests and preferences. Here’s a concise overview of the seasons:
Summer (June to August)
This is the peak tourist season in the Black Hills. The weather is generally warm, with average temperatures ranging from 70°F to 85°F (21°C to 29°C). It’s an ideal time for outdoor activities like hiking, camping, and exploring the numerous parks and attractions. However, popular destinations can be crowded, and accommodations may be more expensive.
Fall (September to October)
Autumn brings pleasant weather with cooler temperatures and colorful foliage, making it a popular time to visit. The Black Hills are known for their scenic beauty during this season, and you can enjoy hiking, wildlife viewing, and fall festivals. Crowds tend to be smaller compared to summer, and accommodations may be more affordable.
Winter (November to February)
Winter in the Black Hills can be cold, with temperatures ranging from 20°F to 40°F (-6°C to 4°C). However, if you enjoy winter sports, this is an excellent time to visit. The region offers opportunities for skiing, snowboarding, snowshoeing, and snowmobiling. Additionally, some attractions like Mount Rushmore remain open, and you may find fewer crowds and lower hotel rates.
Spring (March to May)
Spring brings milder temperatures, averaging between 40°F and 60°F (4°C to 15°C), and the landscape starts to come alive with blooming wildflowers. It’s a quieter time to visit, and you can enjoy hiking, wildlife watching, and exploring the parks. Keep in mind that weather conditions can vary during spring, so be prepared for possible rain showers.
Ultimately, the best time to visit the Black Hills depends on your interests, preferred weather conditions, and tolerance for crowds. Each season has its own unique charm and opportunities for outdoor exploration and enjoyment.
Where to Stay
There are numerous accommodation options available in and near the Black Hills to suit different preferences and budgets. Here are some popular choices:
Rapid City
Rapid City, South Dakota, serves as a convenient base for exploring the Black Hills. It offers a wide range of hotels, motels, and resorts, catering to various budgets and preferences. Rapid City provides easy access to attractions like Mount Rushmore, Custer State Park, and the Badlands National Park.
Custer
Located near Custer State Park, the town of Custer offers lodging options ranging from hotels and motels to cabins and campgrounds. It provides proximity to attractions like Crazy Horse Memorial, Needles Highway, and Sylvan Lake. Staying in Custer allows for convenient access to outdoor activities and scenic drives.
Hill City
Hill City is another popular destination in the Black Hills, offering a small-town atmosphere and access to attractions like the 1880 Train and the Black Hills Institute Museum. The town has a variety of accommodations, including hotels, lodges, and campgrounds.
Keystone
Keystone is situated just a few miles from Mount Rushmore and offers a charming atmosphere with shops, restaurants, and entertainment options. It has hotels, motels, and cabins available for visitors, providing easy access to the iconic Mount Rushmore National Memorial.
Hot Springs
Located in the southern Black Hills, Hot Springs is known for its natural mineral springs and attractions like Wind Cave National Park and Evans Plunge Mineral Springs. The town offers accommodations ranging from hotels to bed and breakfasts.
Campgrounds
For those who prefer camping, there are numerous campgrounds available in the Black Hills region. Some popular options include Custer State Park, Black Hills National Forest campgrounds, and private campgrounds near major attractions.
When planning your stay, consider the proximity to your desired attractions, availability of amenities, and the type of experience you’re seeking, whether it’s a central location with easy access to multiple sites or a more secluded and nature-oriented setting.
Climbing and Hiking
If you’re into rock climbing, Black Hills National Forest has several climbing spots for you to explore. The most popular being Sylvan Lake, which has over 180 climbing routes spread across its peak. The forest’s towering granite formations, such as the Needles, make it an ideal location for free-climbing and rappelling.
The Black Hills National Forest is home to some of the best hiking trails in South Dakota, which range from easy to challenging trails with stunning vistas. The trails that lead to Mount Rushmore, Needles Eye, and Harney Peak are some of the most popular hiking spots in this forest. For a unique hiking experience, take to the Cathedral Spires Trail, which offers a one-mile hike up to the Cathedral Spires, located in a cluster of granite slabs that pierce the sky.
Camping and Wildlife
The Black Hills National Forest’s abundant campsites and picnic areas provide a peaceful retreat for both solo travelers and groups. Take a night under the stars at the Horsethief Lake Campground or the Sylvan Lake campsite. These campgrounds allow you to immerse yourself in the wilderness of the forest fully. If you’re looking for a family-friendly picnic, then the Pactola Reservoir Picnic Area is just the destination for you. Enjoy boating, fishing, and swimming on the pristine waters of Pactola Lake.
Black Hills National Forest is also an excellent destination for wildlife watchers. The forest is home to several wildlife species such as mountain goats, elk, bison, bighorn sheep, and prairie dogs. The Custer State Park, situated nearby, is known for its scenic game drives and is worth exploring for those wanting to view some of America’s most memorable wildlife.
Best Hikes in the Black Hills
Little Elk Creek Trail
Hiking the Little Elk Creek Trail in the Black Hills National Forest is an incredible experience that should not be overlooked. With a trail length just over 5 miles, it is a great way to explore the panoramic views of the forest without taxing hikers for longer distances. Conditions range from challenging with tumbles and drops to flat terrain along rolling meadows. The elevation at the trailhead is just over 5,850 feet, so you may plan accordingly with gear if needed. Along with spectacular views, this trail passes by rushing mountain streams and charming waterfalls to give hikers a sense of contentment as they complete their journey. Be sure to add Little Elk Creek Trail to your next Black Hills hiking adventure!
Spring Creek and Flume Trail Loop
Exploring the epic beauty of the Black Hills National Forest is a must for outdoor adventurers. The Spring Creek and Flume Trail Loop offers a rewarding experience, with nearly 8 miles of trail to explore, and conditions ranging from rocky paths to scenic meadows. The elevation gains are substantial at times, but you’ll be rewarded with breathtaking views along the way. The loop begins at the Black Hills National Forest Visitors Center and winds its way through some of the most stunning terrain in South Dakota. Whether you’re just getting started or an experienced hiker, this exhilarating journey will give you a real sense of accomplishment and awe.
Black Elk Peak and Little Devil’s Tower Loop Trail
The Black Elk Peak and Little Devil’s Tower Loop Trail is one of my favorites! Spanning 8.7 miles in total, this trail is great for a full day of exploration. The trail crosses all types of terrain and conditions including grassy meadows to rocky paths. This loop trail will take you through an elevation gain change of 1,986 feet. The incredible old lookout tower at the peak makes this one of the best hikes in the Black Hills. To get the most out of your hiking experience we suggest beginning at the Sylvan Lake Trailhead where you’ll be awarded with unbeatable scenic views before you work up a sweat!
Coon Hollow Loop Trail
The Coon Hollow Loop Trail in the Black Hills National Forest is a mandatory for all hikers. At 5.4 miles, this trail offers a great combination of varied terrain and elevation changes. The trailhead location is off of Little Bighorn Road and its starting elevation is 4041 feet above sea level. As hikers traverse the west side of Little Elk Creek, they will ascend to an elevation of 4759 feet and come across stunning views of the surrounding mountainside. There are long ridge lines that offer stunning natural landscapes. Many areas along the path have been improved with the placement of rock stair steps making it suitable for those prepared to take on long hikes in moderate conditions.
Roughlock Falls Trail
The Roughlock Falls Trail in the Black Hills National Forest is a sight to behold. This National Forest is home to one of its most beautiful hikes, as you wander along this 1.2 mile loop. Depending on conditions at the time, you may come across various terrain types, such as mud, sand, gravel and rock. As you hike upwards along the trail, take in the elevation changes with beautiful views at every corner! Finishing at the breathtaking Roughlock Falls, take some time to rest by campfires built along the path. The beautiful waterfall makes this one of the best hikes in the Black Hills. Remember to start your journey from the trailhead located near Savoy – and you are sure to have an unforgettable experience!
What to Wear
My clothing recommendations for hiking in the Black Hills varies depending on when in the season you’re going. If you opt for shorts, I like the Prana double peak shorts, but you might want to start with a pair of warm leggings under them if it’s cold. For hiking pants, my go to are the double peak joggers.
On top, for summer hiking I start with a tri-blend t shirt or tank, and then layer on an SPF pullover if it’s warmer outside, or a smartwool pullover if it’s cold or windy. And I usually carried my rain jacket. Finally, my go to hiking shoes are merrell siren sports. They’re comfortable, waterproof, and have Vibram soles which are super grippy, which you’ll appreciate for hiking on all the limestone and granite out there!
In conclusion, the Black Hills National Forest is a destination that’s suitable for every outdoor enthusiast. It has everything from stunning vistas, mesmerizing trails, clear mountain streams, and a diverse population of wildlife. Whether you’re looking to chill by the lake or explore deep into the forest, this national treasure is a must-see destination for anyone seeking to rekindle their love for nature. Pack your bags, and explore the Black Hills National Forest in South Dakota, today!
That’s my list! I hope this helped you plan and get excited for the best hikes in the Black Hills National Forest! What are your favorite hikes in this beautiful forest?
As always, please practice Leave No Trace principles when enjoying the outdoors! Check local trail and weather conditions before any hike.
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